Filing a pregnancy accommodation discrimination claim in Virginia

You're likely not thinking in legal terms at all. What it comes down to is this: you wanted a stool, a lighter workload, or some extra breaks — and ended up on unpaid leave, or out of a job.

What this actually looks like

Most people don't walk in calling it “pregnancy accommodation discrimination.” They describe a situation:

• You asked for a simple change — a stool, light duty, more frequent breaks, time off for an appointment — and were told no without any real discussion.
• They put you on unpaid leave instead of the small adjustment that would have let you keep working.
• Your hours, your shifts, or your role changed for the worse after you said you were pregnant.
• You were written up or let go soon after you asked for a pregnancy-related accommodation.

Since the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act took effect in 2023, an employer with 15 or more workers must provide reasonable accommodations for known limitations related to pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions — unless it is a genuine undue hardship — cannot force you onto leave when an accommodation would let you keep working, and cannot punish you for asking. In Virginia it's prohibited by the state Human Rights Law; federally, by The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act.

The federal route: the EEOC

The same conduct can be filed federally with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act. The federal filing deadline is generally 180–300 days where a state agency exists, and the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act applies to employers with 15+ employees. The EEOC and VA-OCR typically maintain a work-sharing agreement, so one charge can be cross-filed.

Thurgood's representation before the EEOC is nationwide, so for employees in Virginia the federal charge is typically the lead route.

The Virginia route: VA-OCR

In Virginia, a pregnancy accommodation discrimination charge is filed with Virginia Office of Civil Rights (AG) (VA-OCR), which enforces the state Human Rights Law. The agency investigates and may attempt conciliation or hold a hearing. A complaint generally must be filed within 300 days of the discriminatory act, and the law applies to employers with 1+. Where state representation is permitted, this is the route Thurgood works through for employees in Virginia.

The statutes & deadlines

Both systems prohibit the same core conduct and protect against retaliation. Here are the specific provisions and the clocks that run on each.

What happens after you file

A charge isn't a lawsuit, and it doesn't go straight to a judge. Both agencies run an investigation first — but they end differently, and that difference is easy to miss.

Federal — EEOC

1. You file a charge with the EEOC.
2. The EEOC notifies the employer, which submits a position statement.
3. The EEOC investigates and often offers mediation.
4. It issues a cause / no-cause determination and attempts conciliation.
5. To compel relief, the case goes to court — the EEOC can sue, or issue a right-to-sue letter so the worker can.

Virginia — VA-OCR

1. You file a verified complaint with Virginia Office of Civil Rights (AG) (VA-OCR).
2. The agency notifies the employer and investigates — records, witnesses, position statements.
3. It issues a determination, often a probable-cause finding; many matters settle through conciliation along the way.
4. Depending on the state, the agency may hold a hearing before an administrative law judge, or issue a determination and a notice of right to sue.
5. Where it holds a hearing, the agency can order relief directly — back pay, damages, reinstatement, civil penalties — without a separate lawsuit.

The contrast that's easy to miss: the EEOC investigates and conciliates, but compelling relief generally takes a court. In Virginia, the federal charge is the route Thurgood works through.

Examples of what can make a pregnancy claim hold up

Strong claims are rarely built on a single overheard comment. They're built on quieter evidence an investigator can test. Examples of what can carry a claim:

• The request and the refusal. A specific accommodation you asked for — and the employer's flat denial or refusal to discuss it — is the core of a PWFA claim; the law expects a back-and-forth, interactive process.
• Forced leave. Being placed on unpaid leave when a modest adjustment would have let you keep working is exactly what the PWFA was written to stop.
• Timing. Cut hours, a demotion, or a firing soon after you disclosed a pregnancy or asked for an accommodation supports the retaliation piece.
• The paper trail. Your written request, the employer's response, any medical note, and accommodations given to others doing similar work — records an investigator can compel.

What you can recover

Remedies generally fall into a few buckets — lost pay, money for the harm itself, and orders that change what the employer does. Under the federal damages-cap framework (shared by Title VII, the ADA, and the PWFA), only compensatory and punitive damages combined are capped, scaling with employer size; back pay, front pay, interest, and attorney's fees sit outside the cap (front pay confirmed uncapped in Pollard v. DuPont; attorney's fees for a prevailing employee). Virginia's own limits differ — the table separates them.

State damages limits vary; confirm against the current statute. Back pay and front pay are wage-based relief and fall outside these caps where available.

Case outcomes come down to the specific facts, and no one can promise a result.

How Thurgood represents you

Thurgood takes employees’ cases before federal agencies in every state, and before state agencies where representation is allowed. Your Authorized Justice Practitioner, a trained non-attorney representative, assembles the timeline and evidence, drafts the formal charge, and represents you through the agency process, from employer outreach through investigation and any hearing. You can start a free evaluation using Thurgood’s CaseFile AI — once the facts are clear, you’ll be offered a free consultation with an associate who can represent your claim.

Frequently asked questions