Report · Agency outcomes

EEOC & State Agency Outcome Rates

On average, 20.1% of discrimination complaints closed by the EEOC and state civil rights agencies end in a settlement or a finding for the worker. Settlement and cause-finding rates for 47 agencies, including OSHA and the Department of Labor, each cited to its latest published report.

Last updated Sep 28, 2026 47 agencies Thurgood, Inc.

132,045Claims closed, latest year at each of 31 reporting agencies

15.6%Average settlement rate across 32 agencies

4.1%Average cause-finding rate across 27 agencies

20.1%Average merit rate: settled or found for the worker

What is counted

Every count is complaints closed in the year shown. None of these agencies reports outcomes against complaints filed.

Settlements: Settlements, successful mediations and withdrawals with benefits reached before any finding.
Cause findings: Probable-cause, reasonable-cause or substantial-evidence findings for the complainant. A settlement reached after a cause finding counts here, so no case is counted twice.
Merit / positive: Settlements plus cause findings.
Marks: ≥ marks a floor where the agency publishes settlements but no cause count. Amber figures were derived from published percentages rather than published counts. FY = fiscal year · FFY = federal fiscal year (Oct–Sep) · CY = calendar year.

Discrimination claims

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and each state’s fair employment agency. Scope and year vary by agency. Select a row for the breakdown and source.

Sort by

Settlements Cause

Agency	Claims closed	Settlements	Cause findings	Merit / positive
Σ Total / average Every agency below that publishes counts	132,04531 agencies	15.6%18,88929 agencies · avg of 32	4.1%3,33525 agencies · avg of 27	20.1%22,22430 agencies · avg of 26
Counts are summed from every agency that publishes them. Each % is the simple average of the agencies’ own rates. Merit % leaves out rows marked ≥. EEOC is 90,744 of the 132,045 claims closed, so the summed counts mostly reflect EEOC.
Σ Projected, all states Every state agency (46), plus the EEOC	≈ 151,78147 agencies	15.6%≈ 22,03547 agencies · avg of 47	4.2%≈ 5,24147 agencies · avg of 47	19.7%≈ 27,27647 agencies · avg of 47
23 state agencies leave at least one figure unpublished, and those figures are projected. Missing claims closed = the state’s 2025 population × 19.8 closures per 100,000 residents, the combined rate of the 31 state agencies that publish closures. Missing settlements and cause findings = the state’s claims closed × the average rate of the state agencies that publish them (15.6% and 4.2%). New York, Arizona and Utah use their own published percentages. Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi and North Carolina have no state agency and are not included. Source U.S. Census Bureau, state population estimates, July 1, 2025 (Vintage 2025)
US U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) FY2025 · All charges filed with EEOC	90,744	14.9%13,555	2.6%2,314	17.5%15,869
Settlements = 6,843 settlements + 6,712 withdrawals with benefits. Cause = reasonable-cause findings (799 successful + 1,515 unsuccessful conciliations). Excludes charges filed only with state agencies. Source EEOC, Table E1c, Charge Receipts and Resolutions by Type (All Statutes), FY 1997–FY 2025
AK Alaska State Commission for Human Rights (ASCHR) CY2024 · All case types	166	22.9%38	4.8%8	27.7%46
Cause = substantial-evidence determinations issued in the year. Source ASCHR Annual Report 2024, pp. 15–17
AZ Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Civil Rights Division (ACRD) FY2025 · All case types	850	12.0%—	Not published	≥ 12.0%—
Settlements published as a percentage of cases resolved (≈102 cases). No cause count published. Source Arizona Attorney General, Strategic Plan FY2027, p. 3
CA California Civil Rights Department (CRD) CY2024 · All case types; complaints accepted for investigation only (excludes 16,924 immediate right-to-sue requests)	5,971	14.6%872	Not published	≥ 14.6%≥ 872
Closed = 5,099 non-settlement closures + 872 settlements. CRD publishes no count of cause findings. Source CRD 2024 Annual Report, pp. 19–20
CO Colorado Civil Rights Division (CCRD) FY2024–25 · All case types	1,947	10.4%202	3.7%72	14.1%274
Settlements = successful mediations. Cause = 44 probable cause + 28 mixed probable cause. Source Colorado Civil Rights Commission Annual Report 24-25, pp. 8–9
CT Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities (CHRO) FY2025 · All case types	2,330	35.6%829	3.9%91	39.5%920
Settlements = 794 withdrawals with settlement + 31 pre-determination conciliations + 4 satisfactorily adjusted. Cause = reasonable-cause drafts issued. Source CHRO Annual Case Processing Report FY2025, pp. 1–4
HI Hawaii Civil Rights Commission (HCRC) FY2025 · All case types	193	27.5%53	2.6%5	30.1%58
Settlements = 22 resolved by parties + 31 pre-determination settlements. Cause = cases resolved by enforcement attorneys after a cause finding. Source HCRC 2024–2025 Annual Report, pp. 9–11, 15–16
ID Idaho Human Rights Commission (IHRC) FY2025 · All case types	489	8.8%≈ 43	2.9%≈ 14	11.7%≈ 57
Published as percentages (8.79% and 2.86%); counts derived. The settlement group includes some successful post-cause conciliations. Source IHRC FY2025 Annual Report, p. 2
IL Illinois Department of Human Rights (IDHR) FY2025 · All charges except housing	3,098	13.3%413	7.1%220	20.4%633
Settlements and cause counts read from a bar chart. Cause = substantial-evidence findings. Claims closed = the report’s printed total of completed investigations (3,098); the chart’s eight closure categories sum to 3,090. Figures read from a chart image and checked against the cited page. Source IDHR Annual Report FY2025, p. 11
IN Indiana Civil Rights Commission (ICRC) CY2023 · All case types	730	Not published	4.4%32	≥ 4.4%≥ 32
No settlement count published. 2023 is the latest report posted. Source ICRC 2023 Annual Report, p. 10
IA Iowa Office of Civil Rights (IOCR) FY2025 · Employment, public accommodation, education and credit (excludes housing)	1,052	5.7%60	0.3%3	6.0%63
Formerly the Iowa Civil Rights Commission. Source IOCR FY2025 Annual Report, p. 7
KS Kansas Human Rights Commission (KHRC) FY2025 · All case types	974	6.6%64	0.1%1	6.7%65
Settlements = mediation settlements only; no other settlement count is published. Source Kansas Division of the Budget, Human Rights Commission narrative FY2027, pp. 5, 27, 29
KY Kentucky Commission on Human Rights (KCHR) FY2025 · All case types	202	26.2%53	1.5%3	27.7%56
Settlements = 35 withdrawals with settlement + 9 successful mediations + 9 conciliations during investigation. Cause = probable-cause conciliations. Source KCHR Annual Report FY2024 & FY2025, p. 18
ME Maine Human Rights Commission (MHRC) FY2025 · All case types	704	13.8%97	3.7%26	17.5%123
Cause = reasonable-grounds findings in the year. Source MHRC 2025 Annual Report, pp. 7–9
MD Maryland Commission on Civil Rights (MCCR) FY2025 · All case types	745	20.5%153	0.8%6	21.3%159
Settlements = 52 settlements + 101 withdrawals with benefits. Cause = 3 probable cause + 3 successful conciliations. Source MCCR 2025 Annual Report, pp. 18–19
MA Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (MCAD) FY2025 · All case types	2,588	18.2%470	7.4%191	25.5%661
Settlements = 421 pre-determination + 49 withdrawn with settlement. The report prints 2,588 cases closed, but its chart categories sum to 1,286. Figures read from a chart image and checked against the cited page. Source MCAD FY25 Annual Report, pp. 9–10, 12
MI Michigan Department of Civil Rights (MDCR) FY2025 · All case types	3,304	2.6%87	0.1%3	2.7%90
No closure breakdown published. Settlements = mediation settlements only. Cause = charges issued after a finding of discrimination. Source Michigan Civil Rights Commission 2025 Annual Report, pp. 25, 31, 33
MN Minnesota Department of Human Rights (MDHR) CY2025 · All case types	964	17.5%169	4.4%42	21.9%211
Settlements = 129 mediation settlements + 40 resolved before a full investigation. Source MDHR Biannual Report, Jan.–June 2025, p. 3MDHR Biannual Report, July–Dec. 2025, p. 3
MO Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR) FY2025 · Employment only	987	14.3%141	Not published	≥ 14.3%≥ 141
Settlements = 140 withdrawal/settled + 1 negotiated settlement. No cause category published; 543 of 987 closures were right-to-sue letters. Source Missouri Department of Labor 2025 Annual Report, pp. 28, 41
MT Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Human Rights Bureau (HRB) FY2025 · Employment only	339	18.6%63	8.0%27	26.5%90
Settlements = 51 voluntary resolution agreements + 12 withdrawals with benefits. Source Montana Human Rights Bureau, Statistics in Brief FY2025
NE Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission (NEOC) FY2024–25 · All case types	925	12.3%114	1.0%9	13.3%123
Settlements = pre-determination settlements, mediations and withdrawals with settlement. Source NEOC Annual Report FY2024/2025, pp. 5, 12
NH New Hampshire Commission for Human Rights (NHCHR) FFY2023 · All case types	241	33.2%80	6.6%16	39.8%96
Settlements include some post-cause conciliations. The report publishes 42 probable-cause findings issued in 2023, but not as a closure category; Cause here = the 16 cases closed by removal to court, which follow a probable-cause finding. Figures read from a chart image and checked against the cited page. Source NHCHR 2022–2023 Biennial Report, pp. 10, 15–16
NM New Mexico Department of Workforce Solutions, Human Rights Bureau (HRB) FY2024 · All case types	506	11.1%56	Not published	≥ 11.1%≥ 56
No FY2024 cause count published. Source Labor Relations Division Annual Report FY2024, pp. 12–14
NY New York State Division of Human Rights (NYSDHR) FY2021 · All case types	Not published	10.6%—	21.4%—	32.0%—
FY2021 (April 2020–March 2021) is published as percentages only. Latest year with counts, FY2018–19: 6,606 closed; 583 settled (8.8%); 898 probable cause (13.6%); 1,481 merit (22.4%). Source NYSDHR Annual Report FY2020–2021, p. 19NYSDHR Annual Report FY2018–2019, p. 18
ND North Dakota Department of Labor and Human Rights, Human Rights Division (HRD) FY2024–25 (biennium) · Employment only	404	14.4%58	2.0%8	16.3%66
Two-year totals (July 2023–June 2025). Cause = 6 probable cause + 2 conciliated settlements. Source 2023–2025 Biennial Report, p. 8
OH Ohio Civil Rights Commission (OCRC) FY2025 · All case types	7,320	6.3%463	2.3%167	8.6%630
Settlements = successful mediations only. Cause = formal complaints issued after a probable-cause finding and failed conciliation. Source OCRC FY2025 Annual Report, pp. 51–53
PA Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission (PHRC) FY2024–25 · All case types	1,383	15.7%217	1.4%19	17.1%236
Cause = cases settled after a probable-cause finding; no other cause category is published. The printed percentages do not match the printed counts; counts used. Source PHRC 2024–2025 Annual Report, p. 60
RI Rhode Island Commission for Human Rights (RICHR) FY2024 · All case types	383	20.9%80	10.2%39	31.1%119
Total is cases processed, which includes the 39 probable-cause cases. Settlements = 12 negotiated + 68 withdrawals with settlement. Source RICHR Annual Report FY2024, pp. 12–13
SC South Carolina Human Affairs Commission (SCHAC) FFY2023 · Employment only	535	13.5%72	1.1%6	14.6%78
Settlements = 76 conciliations/settlements less 4 that followed cause findings. Source SCHAC 2024 Annual Accountability Report, p. 3
TN Tennessee Human Rights Commission (THRC) FY2024 · Employment only	162	9.3%15	Not published	≥ 9.3%≥ 15
THRC was dissolved June 30, 2025; its duties moved to the Attorney General’s Civil Rights Enforcement Division. Source THRC Annual Report FY2024, p. 13Tennessee Attorney General, July 1, 2025 release
TX Texas Workforce Commission, Civil Rights Division (TWC-CRD) FY2024 · Employment only	1,626	22.6%368	Not published	≥ 22.6%≥ 368
Settlements = 336 withdrawals with benefits + 32 negotiated settlements. The table has no cause-finding category. Source TWC Annual Report 2024, Table 1.2, p. 7
UT Utah Antidiscrimination and Labor Division (UALD) FFY2015 · Employment only	Not published	22.7%—	0.4%—	23.1%—
Latest outcome data is this 2017 audit, percentages only. Current Labor Commission reports give no outcome breakdown. Source Utah Legislative Auditor General, Performance Audit of UALD (2017), p. 31
WV West Virginia Human Rights Commission (WVHRC) FY2024 · Employment only	183	2.2%4	7.1%13	9.3%17
Cause = employment cases resolved at the administrative-law-judge stage, which only probable-cause cases reach. Source WVHRC Annual Report 2024, pp. 11, 14–16

No outcome data published 14

These agencies would need a public records request for closure data.

WA

Washington State Human Rights Commission

No closure breakdown published. Settlement dollars only (employment, 2025: $420,698.55).

WSHRC, Settlement Amounts; WSHRC, Reports
FL

Florida Commission on Human Relations

No closure breakdown published. FY2024–25: 81 of 136 employment mediations settled.

FCHR Commission meeting materials, July 24, 2025
DE

Delaware Department of Labor, Office of Anti-Discrimination

Only published measure is days to resolve a claim (FY2025: 193).

Delaware FY2027 budget narrative, Department of Labor
DC

District of Columbia Office of Human Rights

No total closed or cause count published. 98 of 294 mediated cases settled or withdrawn (FY2024).

OHR FY24 Annual Report, p. 25
LA

Louisiana Commission on Human Rights

Only published measure is share of cases resolved within 365 days (FY2024–25: 78%).

Louisiana Executive Budget Supporting Document FY2026–27, pp. 8–9
NV

Nevada Equal Rights Commission

Settlement dollars only; no outcome counts.

NERC Biennial Report, January 2023
NJ

New Jersey Division on Civil Rights

No outcome data found in agency reports or state budget documents.

No link found
OK

Oklahoma Office of the Attorney General, Office of Civil Rights Enforcement

No case counts published.

OCRE division page
OR

Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries, Civil Rights Division

No outcome counts published.

Oregon Secretary of State Audit 2025-25
SD

South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation, Division of Human Rights

About 100 charges a year; no outcome counts.

SD DLR FY25 Annual Report, pp. 20–21
VT

Vermont Attorney General’s Office, Civil Rights Unit

No outcome counts published. The Vermont Human Rights Commission handles state-government employees only.

Vermont Attorney General, Employment Law
VA

Virginia Office of the Attorney General, Office of Civil Rights

No annual statistics published.

Virginia OAG, Civil Rights
WI

Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, Equal Rights Division

No closure or cause counts published. 283 of 472 mediations succeeded (CY2024).

ERD Mediation Statistics
WY

Wyoming Department of Workforce Services, Fair Employment Program

111 employment claims closed (FY2020, latest published); outcomes not broken down.

WY DWS, Menu of Services, FY20

No state agency for private-sector employment charges 5

Workers in these states file with the EEOC.

Alabama
Arkansas
GeorgiaThe Georgia Commission on Equal Opportunity takes state-government employees and applicants only.
Mississippi
North CarolinaThe Office of Administrative Hearings’ Civil Rights Division takes state and county employee charges only.

Whistleblower claims

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Whistleblower Protection Program.

Agency	Claims closed	Settlements	Cause findings	Merit / positive	0%20%40%
US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Whistleblower Protection Program (OSHA) FY2023 · All whistleblower statutes	3,649	23.8%868	0.6%23	24.4%891
Settlements = 509 settled + 359 settled other. Cause = merit findings. Latest year published. Source OSHA Whistleblower Statistics FY2018–FY2023

Wage & leave claims

The U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division, including Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) cases.

Agency	Claims closed	Settlements	Violations found	Merit / positive
US U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division — FLSA (DOL-WHD) FY2019 · Fair Labor Standards Act cases; complaint and agency-initiated combined	24,704	Included in violations	80.0% violations≈ 19,763	80.0%≈ 19,763
Latest year with both a case total and a violation rate. 24,704 cases concluded (15,844 from complaints, 8,860 agency-initiated); GAO reports violations in 80%, and the count is derived from that percentage. Conciliations (quick phone resolutions) are counted within the cases: roughly half of complaint cases in FY2019, and 8,651 of 20,834 FLSA cases (41.5%) in FY2020. Source GAO, GAO-21-13, pp. 6, 13, 37DOL Office of Inspector General, Report 19-21-008-15-001, Table 2, p. 10
US U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division — FMLA (DOL-WHD) FY2022 · Family and Medical Leave Act complaint cases	780	No settlement category	39.6% violations309	39.6%309
Latest year with a published total: 309 of 780 complaint cases had violations; 471 did not. From FY2023 on, Wage and Hour publishes only cases with violations (301 in FY2025, 349 in FY2024). Source Wage and Hour Division, FMLA enforcement chart (archived Feb. 28, 2023)Wage and Hour Division, FMLA enforcement chart (current)

Notes

Last updated Sep 28, 2026, from each agency’s most recent published report. Figures read from chart images (Illinois, Massachusetts, New Hampshire) were checked against the pages cited. States marked “not published” would need a public records request for closure data.

This report is licensed under CC BY 4.0: you may share and adapt it with credit to Thurgood.

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